Design Of Automatic Control System Research Articles

Design and self-diagnostics of cyberphysical control devices on SOC platform

The subject of research in this article is models, methods, and procedures for designing and self-diagnosing automated models of logic control devices implemented in SoCs. The object of work is the procedures for automated design and diagnosis of digital devices on the SoC technology platform. The aim of the study is to develop models and procedures for designing and self-testing in the cycle of automated design of automatic logic control systems on the SoC technology platform, which will significantly increase the reliability of their operation. The article solves the following tasks: consideration of the procedures for interacting the processor core with programmable logic as part of the SoC; improvement of the procedures for designing and testing software and hardware systems based on SoC; further development of procedures for automated design, verification, and diagnosis of cyber-physical logic control systems using programming languages and hardware description languages; implementation of the procedure for hardware self-testing of control automata on the SoC technology platform. The following methods are implemented: synthesis of control automata based on graph models, implementation of control automata models in the C programming language using an automata template, diagnostic experiment by traversing the automata transition graph. Results achieved. Based on the analysis of the procedures for the interaction of the processor core and programmable logic on the selected SoC platform, a model of a cyber-physical logic control system was designed. The practical implementation was carried out on the basis of the Vivado/Vitis/Vitis HLS CAD toolkit. The method of hardware self-testing of control automata on the technological platform of SoC ZYNQ-7000 was implemented. Conclusions. The article analyzes the principles of designing embedded cyber-physical systems implemented in system-on-chip. The principles of building verification systems and embedded self-diagnostics of system-on-chip systems containing software and hardware are considered. The developed methods are tested on a model of a traffic light logic control device on the SoC FPGA platform of the ZYNQ-7000 family by Xilinx. The Moore's control automaton is implemented in the PL block in the C programming language, and the operational automaton is implemented in the PS block. During the organization of the self-diagnosis process, a non-destructive diagnostic experiment was performed by traversing all arcs of the transition graph, starting from the initial vertex. In this case, the tester was an operational automaton, the reference logic and time values of which were stored in the memory of the PS unit. Visual observation of the diagnostic experiment was carried out using the LED panel of the ZedBoard board.

The Design of Automatic Soil pH Control System on Aloe vera Cultivation with an Integration of Internet of Things (IoT)

Machine learning and internet of thing (IoT) would be the best option for monitoring the appropriate soil pH condition. This research aimed on the design an automatic soil pH control system based on IoT for monitoring the cultivation of Aloe vera plants. The Telegram application was occupied as an IoT platform and was connected to a free and easy access application, Node MCU 8266. Furthermore, relay, Arduino Uno and smartphone were occupied in the system. According to the system testing, soil pH sensor readings are close to the actual value as evidenced by the linear regression value or R2 on sensors 1 and 2 which are close to 1. Meanwhile, the total percentage of system performance testing was 93% while the error value for the pH sensors were 0.96 and 1.6% for sensor 1 and sensor 2, respectively. Furthermore, the plant observations showed that the average leaf length of plants with a control system was 24.78 cm while with the manual system was 23.11 cm. From the results of the T test obtained, it was found that the control system applied to Aloe vera cultivation had a significant effect on the growth and development of Aloe vera compared to Aloe vera plants with a manual system.  Keywords: Aloe vera, Control system, Internet of things (IoT), Soil pH sensor

Retraction Note: Design of electric automatic control system for water gate based on discrete wavelet transform

Retraction Note: Design of electric automatic control system for water gate based on discrete wavelet transform

Design and Experiment of Lightweight Dual-Mode Automatic Variable-Rate Fertilization Device and Control System

China’s agricultural facilities are developing rapidly and are mainly operated through household contracting. Due to a lack of suitable variable-rate fertilization devices, manual and blind fertilization still widely exists, resulting in fertilizer waste and environmental pollution. Meanwhile, existing fertilization devices cannot simultaneously meet the needs of different fertilization methods for crop cultivation, increasing the cost of mechanized fertilization. This study developed a lightweight dual-mode automatic variable-rate fertilization device and control system for strip fertilization and spreading fertilization. The least squares method was used to analyze the amount of fertilizer discharged per second at different volumes and rotational speeds of the fertilization device. The quadratic polynomial model fits well, with determination coefficients greater than 0.99. The automatic variable strip fertilization and spreading fertilization control models were established. Experiments with strip fertilization and spreading fertilization were carried out. The results of strip fertilization experiments show that the maximum relative error (Re) for granular nitrogen fertilizer (NF) was 6.81%, compound fertilizer (CF) was 6.2%, organic compound fertilizer (OCF) was 6.83%, and the maximum coefficient of variation (Cv) of uniformity was 8.91%. The results of spreading fertilization experiments show that the maximum Re of granular NF was 7.31%, granular CF was 6.76%, granular OCF was 7.43%, the Cv of lateral uniformity was 9.88%, and the Cv of total uniformity was 14.17%. The developed fertilization device and control system can meet the needs of different fertilization amounts, types, and methods for facility crop cultivation at different stages. This study’s results can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for designing and optimizing multifunctional precision variable-rate fertilization devices and control systems.

Design of information and measurement systems within the Industry 4.0 paradigm

The subject of the study is the process of Information and Measuring System (IMS) designing as a component of the Cyber-Physical System (CPS) in the paradigm of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). The aim of the study is to develop methodological support for the design of IMS and Automatic Control Systems (ACS) as components of production CPS (CPPS), in particular, for Digital Factory. Objectives: to determine the conceptual model of IMS; choose the IoT model for structural synthesis, select the appropriate regulatory (sets of standards and implementation models) and hardware; perform R&D of IMS based on NB-IoT sensors; formalize the procedure for integrating components into the CPPS, develop the Asset Administration Shell. The methods used are: heuristic synthesis methods, experimental planning theory. The following results were obtained. The key role of optimally designed IMS level 4.0 in increased decision-making accuracy in CPPS management and control processes is demonstrated. The quality of control is improved both by quickly obtaining accurate information for updating models in cyber add-ons, and at the physical level, in ACS. The universal model of IMS implementation in CPPS was proposed. The stages of choosing the concept, structure, hardware and communication protocols of the IIoT ecosystem IMS + ACS have been performed. The methodology was tested during the development of the NB-IoT Tech remote monitoring system, which has a decentralized structure for collection data on resources consumed. The integration of the ecosystem as a component of CPPS at the appropriate levels of the architectural model RAMI 4.0 has been performed. Regulatory support has been formed and the functional aspect of the Asset Administrative Shell for CPPS integration has been developed. Conclusions. Scientific novelty: it is proposed to design the IMS as a component of the AAS of the cyber-physical system, according to the implementation methodology of its subsystems at the corresponding levels of RAMI4.0 and the selected IoT model. The new approach, called "soft digitalization", combines the approaches of Industry 3.0 and 4.0, it is designed for the sustainable development of automated systems to the level of cyber-physical systems and is relevant for the recovery of the economy of Ukraine. Practical significance of the results: the IoT-Tech system based on Smart sensors has been developed and tested. This information and measurement system is non-volatile and adapted to measure any parameters in automated systems of various levels of digitization.

Design of Automatic Irrigation Water Supply Monitor and Control System

Design of Automatic Irrigation Water Supply Monitoring and Controlling System was pursued to create an automatic irrigation controlling device for efficient water use and turning pumping motor ‘On’ or ‘OFF’ by sensing the moisture percentage in the field surface throgh moisture sensor. Objective was to reduce the involvement of man power for field irrigation monitoring purposes and reduce water requirement. This method can insure the proper use of water without wastage and save water for future. With the konwledge of moisture value in soil, we can estimate how much and when to irrigate crops. When the moisture content level on the output of the sensor or soil becomes less than 30% (desired value), then sensor generated an alarm and turns the motor on automatically. Displayed as ‘motor On’in the LCD display and soil level was shown as ‘dry soil’. Per hour machine data was received and shown in data table. A digital LCD Thermometer hygrometer Humidity Temperature sensor was also used to detect the temperature and relative humidity of the atmosphere with moisture content level was shown. Different field tests with crop and without crop were done. Total design cost was 4790 taka. Wet soil was tested with oven dry method to get accurate moisture level of the soil. Almost similar moisture percentage with moisture sensor was found. Temperature and relative humidity was also observed with weather station and found similar with sensor reading. Overall designed control and monitoring system was found satisfactory with minor errors.

Development of Conventional Refrigeration Control System Learning Media, Automatically Cooling and Defrost System

Development of Learning Media aims to design a Conventional Automatic Refrigeration Control System Design for Refrigeration and Defrosting Systems so that it can assist the learning process in Class XI Refrigeration Engineering. This research is a type of R&D level 3. This study used a questionnaire as an instrument to collect data from content experts, media experts, and students. The results of the material expert trial obtained a percentage value of 93.33%, with very decent qualifications, the media expert trial results obtained a percentage of 97.64%, with very decent qualifications, the small group trial results obtained a percentage value of 90.25% , with very decent qualifications, the results of the large group trial data obtained a percentage of 90.04%, qualifications Based on the research results, the media is feasible and good to be used as a learning medium in the subject of Refrigeration Systems and Installation in class XI TP majoring in Electrical Engineering, package refrigeration and air conditioning engineering expertise at SMK Negeri 1 Denpasar

Analysis of the use of automatic control systems for the destruction of weeds in the conditions of organic cultivation of vegetable and row crops

Puprose. To analyze the state of development of MTU automatic control systems in the world and Ukraine and determine the rational direction for the development of new systems. Reducing the cost of manual labor for the destruction of weeds when growing environmentally friendly vegetable and row crops. Reduction of protective zones during the destruction of weeds in row-spacings and rows of vegetable and tilled crops. Methods. Monographic, analytical, abstract-logical, structural modeling, design and manufacture of alternative MTU automatic control systems for the implementation of effective methods of weed control in the organic farming system. Results. The analysis of technological solutions was carried out using specialized technical means equipped with automated control systems of the MTU. A technical and economic analysis of the use of technical means for the automated control of the MTU was carried out. The structural and functional scheme of the system for automatically bringing the working bodies of the row cultivator to the row of cultivated plants is substantiated. Conclusions. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that for automatic driving of the MTU in aggregation with agricultural technical means, it is most relevant to use GNSS tools, which are a satellite navigation system created for the purpose of positioning (determining the location in space – that is, coordinates) of objects. The automatic control system developed at the IMA AIP NAAS will allow to increase the productivity and quality of weeding operations by mechanical cultivators when working with minimal protective zones (2–3 cm) or weeding in a row of agricultural crops (corn, sunflower, tomato seedlings, garlic) with polyurethane finger-star discs. Keywords: automatic control system, control system, artificial intelligence, video vision camera, technical means, machine and tractor units, weed control, organic cultivation.

Design of automatic water level control system using fuzzy logic

ABSTRACTWith less rainwater that is absorbed into the ground, and the obstruction of water flow causes flooding. The floodgates on river dams are still using manual systems by utilizing human operators, in this case sometimes mistakes occur in decision making. The solution to this problem is to create an automatic sluice system, so that when the condition of the water discharge at the intake is excessive or insufficient, the sluice can open and close pursuant to the required automation of water flow. Measurement of water discharge using a water flow sensor, the results of the sensor readings will be forwarded to the actuator as a door actuator. In this study, the design of the floodgate control system on the dam was carried out through the fuzzy logic technique. The water level and flow sensor data are processed by fuzzy logic technique to control the opening of the floodgates and the condition of the weir. The benefit of this system is easy to monitor and control the floodgates on the weir, with proper control and supervision it will make the water flow evenly distributed, as well as provide early warning information to anticipate when river water overflows and has the potential to flood.

PID-Based Design of Automatic Control System for a Travel Speed of the 4UM-120D Electric Leafy Vegetable Harvester

The study developed a PID-based automatic control system for travel speed based on the analysis of the entire machine structure of the 4UM-120D electric leafy vegetable harvester to enhance the operation quality of the harvester and lessen the workload of operators. Taking the system adjustment time during the process of starting and maintaining the travel speed of the harvester within ±2% of the set value as the main evaluation index, the Box–Behnken test method was applied based on the single-factor test, and the proportional coefficient Kp, the integral coefficient Ki and the initial value U of the travel motor drive voltage of the PID control algorithm were used as the test factors, and the PID-based 4UM-120D electric leafy vegetable harvester travel speed automatic control system operating parameters based on PID was studied in a three-factor, three-level experiment, and a multiple regression model of evaluation indexes on each factor was established to analyze the influence of each factor on system rapidity and to obtain the optimal operating parameters. The test findings demonstrated that the beginning value of the driving voltage of the travel motor U, the integration factor Ki, and the proportionality factor Kp had the largest to smallest influences on the system regulation time. When the initial value of the driving voltage of the travel motor was 1.81 V, the integration factor was 0.020, the proportionality factor was 0.127, the system regulation time was 2.14 s, and the relative error was 1.8% compared with the optimized value. The results of the study could provide a way to improve the operation quality of leafy vegetable harvesters and reduce the work intensity of operators.

Design and Research of Automatic Wind Control System

Design and Research of Automatic Wind Control System

Design and Application of Automatic Control System for Fully Mechanized Mining Face in Coal Mine

In order to improve the automatic control effect of fully mechanized mining face in coal mine, this paper combines the literature research method to analyze the disadvantages of traditional research and combines the demand analysis to analyze the structure of the automatic control system of fully mechanized mining face in coal mine. Moreover, this paper uses an improved algorithm to improve the system performance, uses the analytical approximation method to calculate and eliminate the loading phase of the fourth-order input and output equal-length cavity filter and the fourth-order input and output unequal-length cavity filter, and obtain the correct coupling matrix. In addition, this paper uses the genetic algorithm to calculate and eliminate the loading phase of the sixth-order input-output equal-length cavity filter and the sixth-order input-output unequal-length cavity filter. In addition, after the system is constructed, the performance analysis of the system can be known through experimental research. The research results show that the automatic control system of fully mechanized mining face in coal mine proposed in this paper has a good intelligent control effect.

Design of Electric Equipment Automatic Control System Based on PLC Technology

Design of Electric Equipment Automatic Control System Based on PLC Technology

Design of automatic control system on trickle irrigation for tomato cultivation

The development of technology has had an impact on the progress of irrigation systems, called the intelligent irrigation system 4.0. The objectives of this research are a measurement of Emission Uniformity (EU) and designing automatic irrigation based on soil water sensors. The result of EU value is in the range of 85-90%, which is a good category. EU value can determine whether one emitter can represent the entire emitter in one irrigation system. The principle of the soil water sensor is to read the value of the soil moisture content in the planting medium. The soil water content of 22.4%, which is the field capacity, is used as an upper limit and the soil water content of 21.1%, which is the critical point, is used as the lower limit. Determination of the critical point value is done by using the management allowable depletion (MAD) value of 0.52. The working principle of the control system is to monitor the work of the soil water sensor and become the main data to control valves, pumps, and dosing. The required cost for the automatic system is Rp. 12,626,000, -.

Automatic Control System Design for Industrial Robots Based on Simulated Annealing and PID Algorithms

The industry is at the heart of a country’s development, and robot automation is the key to this. The automation of industrial robots is extremely beneficial to industrial development. Although China has been increasing its investment in industrial robot automation and control research, there are still many problems in the field of automation and control in the application of industrial robot technology, and there is still a certain gap between the developed countries. On the one hand, this is a serious obstacle to the development of industrial robotics in China, and on the other hand, it has a direct impact on the automation of industrial production, which has a very restrictive effect on industrial development. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the value of computer technology, automation control technology, and sensor technology in the field of automation. The use of industrial robots can replace monotonous manual labour, reduce the intensity of operations, and increase productivity through high operational precision values. Scientific progress has driven the development process of industrial automation to a new level, allowing fully automated production equipment to become mainstream and gradually replace manual operations. In recent years, the development of industrial automation has led to the development of a series of related industries, of which automated manipulators are one. As a new automatic production line operation equipment, the development of manipulators can greatly improve the automation production level of enterprises and improve labour efficiency. This paper explores the development status of automated manipulators and explore the optimal motion path of manipulators in automatic control engineering by combining simulated annealing algorithm and PID algorithm, so as to greatly enhance the application of truss manipulators in production lines.

The Design of Material Conveying and Automatic Sorting Control System Based on PLC

The Design of Material Conveying and Automatic Sorting Control System Based on PLC

Automatic Control System of Vacuum Nano Coating Based on AVR Single Chip Microcomputer

Aiming at the problems of long response time and poor anti-interference ability of traditional vacuum nano-coating automatic control system, a design of vacuum nano-coating automatic control system based on AVR single-chip microcomputer is proposed. The use of ATmega128L microcontroller and Harvard architecture improves the parallel processing efficiency of the microcontroller. Select the transient voltage suppression diode to protect the power supply of the single-chip microcomputer, optimize the communication circuit, connect an external encryptor to realize the data encryption function, increase the filtering program and optimize the binary code processing function. Using PID (Packet Identifier) control algorithm, the design of nano-coating vacuum automatic control system based on AVR single-chip microcomputer is realized. Compared with the traditional system, when the simulation model and system parameters of the control system constructed in the environment change, the proposed system can be stabilized within 15 seconds, and can be stabilized for 13 seconds after the interference signal is added. The response time of the system is longer. Shorter, stronger anti-interference ability, more suitable for automatic control of vacuum nano-coating.

СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННЫЕ ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ СТЕНДЫ КАК МОДЕЛИ НЕФТЕХИМИЧЕСКОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ ДЛЯ ПРАКТИКООРИЕНТИРОВАННОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ

The article provides arguments in favor of the introduction of modern information technologies in the organization of production, in particular, in the field of training specialists in higher educational institutions based on modern laboratories, in which laboratory facilities are "digital twins" of real enterprises. Specialized laboratories that act as digital twins of real production facilities are ready-made solutions for conducting a laboratory workshop in the training of specialists in the field of industrial automation. They include laboratory stands, specialized software, additional devices for research activities. That is, the equipment of laboratories is often focused on specific tasks. Direct demonstration of the work of real automation tools increases the interest of students in obtaining new relevant knowledge, leads to an increase in students' competence in the field of design, installation and maintenance of modern automatic process control systems. The description of laboratory complexes is given, with a description of their functionality. The APCS laboratory, opened at KNRTU together with Yokogawa in 2011, includes: a classroom with instrumentation; training class of control computing systems; a classroom with installations simulating heat metering units for liquid and gaseous products; training class for computer simulation systems of chemical-technological processes; research laboratory. The equipment of the laboratory allows for the training of specialists with a focus on a specific industrial enterprise and a well-defined technological process, advanced training for workers in the oil and gas processing industry, and retraining of specialists servicing heat transfer metering systems. The availability of powerful software makes it possible to carry out work on optimizing technological processes in terms of energy saving and reducing production costs. When training specialists, specialized laboratories as digital twins of technological processes can provide indispensable basic knowledge for further successful work in real conditions. The significance of the APCS laboratory lies in the training of practice-oriented specialists with a high level of professional knowledge. These laboratory complex can be further upgraded for specific production tasks.

Design and Implementation of Automatic Control System for Intelligent Water Dispenser

In this paper, an intelligent water dispenser automatic control system is designed by using a microcontroller as the core. Relevant signals are collected through temperature sensor, liquid level sensor and other sensors, then send them to the microcontroller for processing and control, and use the liquid crystal display for display. Temperature, effluent and liquid level can be controlled according to their own needs, so as to realize the intelligent control of the water dispenser. The intelligent water dispenser automatic control system designed in this paper has low hardware cost and easy operation in the use process.

Design And Control System of Automatic Control System of Coal Flow on Belt Conveyor Installation

In a power plant unit whose main fuel is coal, there is generally use a belt conveyor installation. This conveyor belt serves to supply coal from the crusher unit to the combustion chamber of the power generation unit. In this study, we discuss a case where the installation of a belt conveyor which was initially only one line was then made a new branch that supplies coal to other power generating units. Equitable capacity distribution and continuity of coal distribution are the main focus of this study. Therefore, a design of automatic control system of coal flow divider on belt conveyor installation was designed. The working principle of this coal flow splitting system is to control the movement of the straight blade plough that directs the flow of coal to each unit at the certain time and continuously. Straight blade plough in the form of steel metal plate with a thickness of about 10 millimeters in which one end is connected to the end of the pneumatic cylinder. Automatic control system of coal flow divider in belt conveyor installation designed using CX-Programmer and CX-Designer applications. CX-Programmer serves to create automatic control logic concepts. While the CX-designer functions to create a Human Machine Interface (HMI), making it easier for operators to control the course of the coal supply process. The results of this study are in the form of control logic lines that can be applied to Programmable Logic Control (PLC) device and Human Machine Interface (HMI) equipment.